The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for African Affairs, Maureen Farrell, has shed light on a critical factor contributing to the persistence of conflict in Africa: extreme weather conditions. Speaking at the Defence Writers Group in Washington, Farrell emphasized the detrimental impact of harsh weather on US interests in Africa, citing the concerns raised by African colleagues in every engagement.

Farrell stressed that the Defense Department is acutely aware of the challenges posed by global warming and climate change. The US military is working with African counterparts to develop new methods, procedures, and practices to adapt to a changing environment, recognizing the need to function in any "clime and place." This collaboration is crucial for preparing US strategic readiness and interoperability with forces worldwide.

Climate issues are a significant contributor to current conflicts in Africa, particularly over water and land rights. Farrell pointed to the tangible and measurable effects of environmental stressors, which increase the potential for conflict in some regions. The devastating drought in the Horn of Africa, for instance, has caused damage in five nations, while floods in coastal West Africa have exacerbated tensions.

In areas where climate change has led to desperation due to a lack of economic opportunity, agricultural failure, or sustainable water sources, violent extremists can thrive. Farrell cited the example of al-Shabab, which noticed an increase in recruitment during past droughts in Somalia. Climate-stressed areas have become a recruiting opportunity for terrorist groups, as people are more easily lured by their offerings.

The conflict between pastoral and farmer-herder communities over water resources and agricultural lands is another consequence of climate change. Farrell noted that this tension is evident in almost all sub-regions of Africa, leading to increased migration. As people move to areas with more viable farming conditions, population flows shift, often moving north from the Sahel. This, in turn, puts pressure on European allies.

The implications of climate change on conflict in Africa are far-reaching, and the US military's efforts to adapt to a changing environment are critical. As Farrell emphasized, the effects of climate change are tangible and measurable, and it is essential to address these challenges to mitigate the risk of conflict and promote regional stability.

In conclusion, the US intelligence's recognition of climate change as a driver of conflict in Africa underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing the root causes of insecurity. By acknowledging the role of extreme weather conditions, the US military can work more effectively with African partners to develop strategies that address the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of conflict.